Scientific Contributions

Pioneering the future of AI through rigorous research and validation.

Architects of Intelligence

Research Excellence

Advancing AI through rigorous scientific research. Our research focuses on Bayesian neural networks, healthcare AI, autonomous systems, and optimization techniques. We collaborate with leading universities and research institutions worldwide.

15+
Publications
10k+
Views & Downloads
12
H-Index
24
Active Projects
FRONTIERS COVER STORY • MAY 2025

Enhancing Autonomous Systems with Bayesian Neural Networks: A Probabilistic Framework

👥 Ngartera Lebede, Saralees Nadarajah
🏛️ Frontiers in Built Environment (Vol. 11)

The "Black Box" Problem: Conventional autonomous systems are deterministic—they don't know when they are confused. This leads to dangerous overconfidence in fog, rain, or novel traffic scenarios.

Our Solution: We introduce a Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) framework that quantifies uncertainty. By learning probability distributions over weights, our system can express "doubt," enabling safer, conservative decision-making when sensor data is noisy or ambiguous.

🏙️

Urban Navigation

Tested in dense traffic with dynamic agents. The BNN successfully identified high-uncertainty zones (e.g., erratic pedestrians), adjusting trajectory to maintain safety margins where standard models failed.

🌫️

Weather Resilience

Evaluated under simulated fog, rain, and wind. While visual degradation caused deterministic models to crash, the BNN expanded its uncertainty bounds, triggering cautious navigation protocols.

🛡️

Safety First

Result: Substantial improvements in trajectory accuracy and collision avoidance. The probabilistic output provides a "trust score" for every decision, essential for regulatory compliance.

FEATURED RESEARCH • MAY 2025

Hybrid Naïve Bayes Models for Scam Detection: Comparative Insights From Email and Financial Fraud

👥 Lebede Ngartera, Mahamat Ali Issaka, Saralees Nadarajah
📚 IEEE Access (Vol. 13)

Online scams continue to escalate in scale and sophistication, surpassing traditional detection systems. This study revisits the Naïve Bayes algorithm, introducing hybrid architectures that integrate it with deep learning and ensemble methods. Our empirical results reveal that a strategically optimized Naïve Bayes model can deliver competitive accuracy while maintaining transparency—key for real-world fraud prevention.

📧

Phishing Detection

Analyzed 18,000+ emails. The hybrid stacking model achieved an AUC of 0.996, effectively distinguishing subtle phishing patterns from legitimate communication.

💳

Financial Fraud

Tackled extreme class imbalance (0.17% fraud) in 284k credit card transactions. The hybrid model maintained high recall with minimal false positives.

🔗

Hybrid Architecture

Integrates Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, SVM, and MLP. This ensemble approach outperforms standalone models in accuracy, generalization, and interpretability.

ALGORITHMIC BENCHMARK • SEP 2024

A Comparative Study of Optimization Techniques on the Rosenbrock Function

👥 Lebede Ngartera, Coumba Diallo
📊 Open Journal of Optimization (Vol. 13)

Optimization is the silent engine of AI. This study rigorously benchmarks 6 major algorithms (including Adam, RMSprop, and SGD) against the notoriously deceptive Rosenbrock "Banana" Function. We uncover critical insights into convergence speed, stability, and gradient behavior, identifying the ultimate "Convergence Powerhouse" for complex non-convex landscapes.

🏔️

The Challenge

Navigating the Rosenbrock Function: A treacherous non-convex landscape with steep ridges and a narrow, curved valley that traps traditional algorithms.

The Contenders

GD vs. Adaptive Methods: We visualized optimization paths and gradient norms. While Momentum smoothed trajectories, adaptive methods reigned supreme.

🏆

The Winner: Adam

Adam emerged as the "Convergence Powerhouse," effectively handling varying curvature to reach the global minimum with superior speed and stability.

FEATURED RESEARCH • NOV 2024

Application of Bayesian Neural Networks in Healthcare: Three Case Studies

👥 Lebede Ngartera, Mahamat Ali Issaka, Saralees Nadarajah
📚 Mach. Learn. Knowl. Extr. 2024, 6(4)

Traditional AI models often lack mechanisms to address uncertainty, leading to overconfident predictions that may not be reliable in high-stakes clinical contexts. This study explores the efficacy of Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) in enhancing predictive modeling for healthcare. By leveraging a probabilistic framework, we demonstrate how BNNs provide not only enhanced predictive accuracy but also uncertainty quantification—a critical factor in clinical decision making.

🩸

Diabetes Treatment

Personalized treatment strategies for diabetes management. BNNs outperformed traditional models in predicting HbA1c changes, offering crucial uncertainty estimates for better patient care.

🧠

Alzheimer's Detection

Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using clinical and genetic data. The BNN model provided reliable predictions with confidence intervals, reducing the risk of false diagnoses.

📊

HbA1c Modeling

Predictive modeling for HbA1c levels. The study showed that BNNs deliver superior predictive accuracy and well-calibrated uncertainty estimates compared to standard regression models.

Selected Publications